1.  What do scientists do to get "fingerprints" of an element's color?

    A spectrometer is used to watch an element as it is heated until it vaporizes.  The colors
    observed in the spectrometer are the elements "fingerprint."

2.  What are three characteristics of stars that can be seen with a spectrometer?

    A.  what elements the stars are made of

    B.  if the stars are moving towards us or moving away from us

    C.  which direction the star is rotating

3.  How do scientists know what elements a star is made of?

    looking at the absorption lines on the star's spectrum

4.  Why do absorption lines happen on the sun's spectrum?

    light emitted in the hotter inner parts of a star is absorbed by cooler atoms on the outside
    of the star

5.  When were stars first photographed?

    1885

6.  Where did Annie Cannon work and what was her job?

    Harvard College Observatory


7.  How are stars organized?

    into groups of stars that have similar compositions and temperatures

8.  What is the average temperature inside a star?

    20 million degrees

9.  What is the difference between a Red Giant and a white dwarf?

    A Red Giant is much bigger, and much brighter


10.  Why are Class G stars know as "solar stars?"

    Our sun is a Class G star

11.  Which classes of stars have calcium?

    Class F, Class G, Class K

12.  Which class of stars are hottest?

    Class O

13.  Which class of stars has iron?

    Class G

14.  How can you calculate the luminosity of a star?

    Adding up the intensities of the colors of the star's spectrum

15.  Which class of stars is the coolest?

    Class M

16.  How can you calculate the radius of a star?

    By using the star's luminosity and its surface temperature

17.  How would you find out the temperature and pressure of a star's atmosphere?

    By using the absorption lines

18.  Where can Red Giants be found on the H-R diagram?

    above the Main Sequence line of stars